is china high speed rail profitable

[Online]. According to a World Bank publication on Chinese HSR, by the end of 2017 "the length of 300350 kph lines was about 10,000 km, and the length of 200250 kph lines was about 15,000 km. They are built with the approval of the central government but are financed and operated largely by local governments with limited investment and oversight from the China Rail Corporation. [111] By the end of 2012, the total length of high-speed rail tracks had reached 9,300km (5,800mi), and ridership rebounded and exceeded levels prior to the Wenzhou crash. [209] This EMU passenger figure includes ridership from certain D- and C-class trains that are technically not within the definition of high-speed rail in China, as well as ridership from EMU train sets serving routes on conventional track or routes that combine high-speed track and conventional track. Bombardier transfers advanced and mature technology to China, which we do not treat as an experimental market.[44] Unlike other series which have imported prototypes, all CRH1 trains have been assembled at Bombardier's joint-venture with CSR, Bombardier Sifang in Qingdao. The biggest cost savings were found to be time saved by replacing automobile and air trips, which contribute to increased traffic and delays at each endpoint respectively. [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. [40] These trains, designated CRH1A, were delivered in 2006. [106] Affected lines included Xiamen-Shenzhen, Nanning-Guangzhou, Guiyang-Guangzhou, Shijiazhuang-Wuhan, Tianjin-Baoding and Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail lines. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, China's investment in intercity high-speed rail and rail transit. The Shanghai Maglev Train, a turnkey Transrapid maglev demonstration line 30.5km (19.0mi) long. While maglev was drawing attention to Shanghai, conventional track HSR technology was being tested on the newly completed Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway. The fastest commercial train service measured by peak operational speed is the, The fastest commercial train service measured by average train speed is the CRH express service on the, The fastest timetabled start-to-stop runs between a station pair in the world are trains G17/G39 on the, The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is 487.3km/h (302.8mph) by a, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 05:10. [219] China is also competing with Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy to bid for California's high-speed rail line project, which would connect San Francisco and Los Angeles. In the second year, ridership rose to 22.3million and revenues improved to 1.4billion, which narrowed losses somewhat to below 0.5billion. Once the designs are developed, a separate tender will be held for the actual construction of the rail link, which Russian Railways expects to cost 1.06 trillion rubles ($19.5 billion).[223]. High-speed rail service in China was introduced on April 18, 2007 and traffic has grown 30% per annum ever since, reaching 1.44 billion in 2016: four times of the HSR volume in Japan, nine times France's, and greater than north America's total air traffic. In China, high-speed rail service is competitive with road and air transport for distances of up to about 1200 km. [141][142] In 2016, Chinese railways carried almost 2 trillion ton-kilometers of freight and over 1 billion passenger-kilometer of passengers, making it one of the world's most intensively used freight and passenger railway networks in the world. Service failures in the first month of operation drove passengers back to pre-existing slower rail service and air travel; airline ticket prices rebounded due to reduced competition. A unit of Russia's state-owned JSC Russian Railways signed a contract with the design unit of China's state-controlled China Railway Group to come up with the plans for a 770 kilometer high-speed rail between the two Russian cities. [34] These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed extension of the maglev to Hangzhou. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. [60] Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion. Some 4,715 kilometres (2,930mi) of new high-speed railways would be opened, and by the end of 2011, China would have 13,073 kilometres (8,123mi) of railways capable of carrying trains at speeds of at least 200km/h (124mph). Finally, residents living along the proposed maglev route have raised health concerns about noise and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the trains, despite an environmental assessment by the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences saying the line was safe. [10] In 2020, China started testing a maglev prototype train that runs at 600km/h (373mph) and planned a 2025 launch date. China's high-speed rail construction projects are highly capital intensive. In 2012, the average occupancy rate of high-speed rails in China was 57%. Euro Carex (Europe Cargo Rail Express) is founded in April 2009 as an international non-profit association. This is China High Speed Rail! . The order had a similar delivery structure with three shipped directly from Savigliano along with six kits assembled by CNR's CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, and the rest locally made with transferred technology and some imported parts. After the completion of a third track in 2000 and a fourth in 2007, the line became the first in China to run high-speed passenger and freight service on separate tracks. To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. [178] In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008, to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7million riders and generated 1.1billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of 0.7billion. Several HSR lines planned and built as a regional high-speed railway under the 2008 Revisions have since been incorporated into the 8+8 national grid. In common parlance, high-speed train service in China generally refers to G-, D- and C-class passenger train service. [38] However, Chinese citizens angry with Japan's denial of World War II war crimes organized a web campaign to oppose the awarding of HSR contracts to Japanese companies. Despite impressive ridership figures, virtually every completed line has incurred losses in its first years of operation. passenger dedicated lines (PDLs) with a design speed of 350km/h (217mph), regional lines connecting major cities with a design speed of 250km/h (155mph), and. And almost lines along Eastern coast are busy and profitable. Measured in passenger-kilometres Who We Are Work With Us Write For Us Media Release Partners Subscribe To ORF Contact Us research Programmes and Centres For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. The line cost 20.42billion to build, and 1.8billion per annum to operate, including 0.6billion in interest payments on its 10billion of loan obligations. [47] Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.[48]. State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. [30] To attain higher speeds and transport capacity, planners began to propose a passenger-dedicated HSR network on a grand scale. [22] At the time, the BeijingShanghai Railway was already at capacity, and the proposal was jointly studied by the Science & Technology Commission, State Planning Commission, State Economic & Trade Commission, and the MOR. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. [dead link][58] The MOR reportedly committed investment of 709.1billion (US$107.9billion) in railway construction in 2010 and would invest 700billion (US$106billion) in 2011 on 70 railway projects, including 15 high-speed rail projects. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Supports energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to Xinhua News Agency, the aggregate results of the six Speed Up Campaigns were: boosting passenger train speed on 22,000km (14,000mi) of tracks to 120km/h (75mph), on 14,000km (8,700mi) of tracks to 160km/h (99mph), on 2,876km (1,787mi) of tracks to 200km/h (124mph) and on 846km (526mi) of tracks to 250km/h (155mph). They became known as passenger-designated lines (PDLs). "Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed." In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. [15], A 2019 World Bank study estimated the rate of economic return of China's high-speed rail network to be at 8 percent, which is well above the opportunity cost of capital in China for major long term infrastructure investments. certain regional "intercity" HSR lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). According to an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of 15 fast 350 kilometers-per-hour high-speed railway lines in China could cover all costs, including operating and capital costs.. [158] CRIC retained 56.2 percent ownership on that line. Higher-speed express train service allowed more trains to share the tracks and improved rail transport capacity. China Railway Corporation, the state-owned rail operator and investor in the country's high-speed networks, has debts of Rmb3.8tn ($558bn), much more than the national debt of Greece. [24][25] The MOR focused modernization efforts on increasing the service speed and capacity on existing lines through double-tracking, electrification, improving grade (through tunnels and bridges), reducing turn curvature and installing continuous welded rail. 1st May 2023, 23:03 GMT+10. [37] It supplied the technology for the CRH3C, based on the ICE3 (class 403) design, to CNR's Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co. Ltd. Manufacturers of electric locomotives - based on market share 2013-2017, Market share of high-speed rail construction in China 2020, by leading player, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway net profit 2017-2021, Public expenditure on transport infrastructure in China 2012-2022, Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. Total investment in new rail lines grew from $14billion in 2004 to $22.7 and $26.2billion in 2006 and 2007. [130] The BeijingShanghai is particularly profitable reporting a 6.6 billion yuan net profit. Along with CRH3C, produced by Siemens and CNR Tangshan, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C. [22] In December 1994, the State Council commissioned a feasibility study for the line.[22]. Moreover, State-owned corporation also uses bulk purchasing to reduce material prices. The CRH380 series(or family) of trains was initially built with direct cooperation (or help) from foreign trainmakers, but newer trainsets are based on transferred technology, just like the Hexie and Fuxing Hao. [156] In an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of fifteen high speed railway lines with travel speeds reaching 350 kilometers per hour, were able to cover all costs that included both the operating and capital costs.[157]. Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable. The following year, Siemens reshuffled its bidding team, lowered prices, joined the bidding for 350km/h (217mph) trains and won a 60-train set order. Supporters argued that high-speed rail would boost future economic growth. Most of the new lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger travel only. A Japanese report envisioned a winner-take all scenario in which the winning technology provider would supply China's trains for over 8,000km (5,000mi) of high-speed rail. On August 1, 2008, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway opened in time for the 2008 Summer Olympics. [194], Two other Maglev lines, the Changsha Maglev and the Line S1 of Beijing, were designed for commercial operations with speeds lower than 120km/h (75mph). The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000mi) by the end of 2022. This is . [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. Is China High-Speed Rail profitable? China Railway assumed control of complete railway network that was built by the dissolved Ministry of Railways. A Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line was also initially discussed but later shelved in favour of conventional high-speed rail. [230] It overtook the G529/530 trains for the Beijing West - Beihai (Beihai Railway Station [zh]) service (2,697km (1,676mi), 15 1/2 hours for southbound train, 15 3/4 hours for northbound train), which had set the previous record on July 1, 2016. In 2003, the MOR was believed to favor Japan's Shinkansen technology, especially the 700 series. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. Tentative services began operation in 2003,[7] while the China Railway High-speed (CRH) was introduced in April 2007 and the Beijing-Tianjin intercity rail, which opened in August 2008, was the first passenger dedicated HSR line. Intercity HSR service speeds range from 200350km/h (120220mph). [107], By early 2012, the Chinese government renewed investments in high-speed rail to rejuvenate the slowing economy. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. High-speed rail is also becoming relatively more affordable as fares have remained stable while worker wages have grown sharply over the same period. [102] New projects were put on hold and completion dates for existing projects, including the Tianjin-Baoding, Harbin-Jiamusi, Zhengzhou-Xuzhou and Hainan Ring (West), were pushed back. Overcrowding on existing rail lines, they said, could be solved by expanding capacity through higher speed and frequency of service. [110] Over the course of the year, the MOR's budget rose from $64.3 billion to $96.5 billion. [71] The CRH380A trainsets on the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway could reach a top operational speed of 380km/h (240mph) but were limited to 300km/h (186mph). Construction first started on this 1,318 km-line in 2008, and it opened for commercial service in 2011. [210][211][212][213], In October 2016 China's CRRC announced that it was beginning research and development on a 600km/h (373mph) Maglev train and would build a 5km (3.1mi) test track. The line was electrified in 1998, and Swedish-made X 2000 trains increased service speed to 200km/h (124mph). You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. In July 2016, the state planners reorganized the national HSR network including HSR lines in operation, under construction and under planning into eight vertical and eight horizontal high speed rail corridors, almost doubling the network.[189][190]. [9] HSR lines with design speeds at 200250km/h (120160mph) are more common than higher speed lines. [37] The Japanese government touted the 40-year track record of the Shinkansen and offered favorable financing. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350km/h (217mph). [4], China Railway High-speed (CRH) () is the major high-speed rail service provided by state-owned railway manufacturing and construction corporation China Railway. ", "China's fastest high speed train 380A rolls off production line", "High-speed rail broadens range of options for China's New Year travel", "China finds 187 mln yuan embezzled from Beijing-Shanghai railway project", "Chinese rail crash scandal: 'official steals $2.8 billion', "China acts on high-speed rail safety fears", "China slows down showcase bullet trains", "World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit", "The Backlash Is Brewing Against Chinese High-Speed Rail: Here's Why It's In Trouble", "Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway to run trials", "China not slowing high-speed rail construction", "Railway cuts bullet trains from schedule | Sunday Digest", "Train Wreck in China Heightens Unease on Safety Standards", "Crash raises doubts about China's fast rail plans", "Chinese bullet trains recalled in wake of fatal crash | World news", "Five Days Later, Chinese Concede Design Flaw Had Role in Wreck", "Un error en las seales caus el choque de trenes chinos", "La signalisation mise en cause dans l'accident du Pkin-Shangha", "La scurit des TGV chinois de plus en plus conteste", "First fatal crash on Chinese high speed line", "China train crash: Signal design flaw blamed", "China train crash kills 32 The Observer", "Outrage at Wenzhou disaster pushes China to suspend bullet train project", "China's High-Speed Rail Accident 'Struck a Nerve' | The Rundown News Blog", "China crashes into a middle class revolt", "China steps up train safety amid anger after cras", "China freezes new railway projects after high-speed train crash", "China train crash: Design flaws to blame safety chief", "China suspends new high speed rail plans", "Decision to slow trains met with mixed response|Nation|chinadaily.com.cn", "More high-speed trains slow down to improve safety|Society|chinadaily.com.cn", "CapitalVue News: China Cuts Ticket Price Of High Speed Rail", "China's high speed rail projects on hold due to cash crunch", Simon Rabinovitch, Chinas high-speed rail gets back on track Financial Times, "World's longest high-speed rail line makes debut", "China High Speed Train Development and Investment", "Sound financials recharge China's fast trains", "Bullet trains trigger profit growth for railways", "China's high-speed rail still reporting staggering losses", "China's railways mileage tops 100,000 km", "Chinese Trainmakers To Merge And Form Export Powerhouse", "China's Busiest High-Speed Rail Line Makes a Fast Buck", "China's high-speed rail lines top 37,900 at end of 2020 Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China to Expand High-Speed Rail Network to 50,000 Kilometers by 2025", "Despite a Deadly Crash, Rail System Has Good Safety Record", "Railway Efficiency An Overview and a Look at Opportunities for Improvement", "What is rail efficiency and how can it be changed? [129], By 2015, six high speed rail lines, BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai, ShanghaiHangzhou, NanjingHangzhou and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong report operational profitability. Critics both in China and abroad have questioned the necessity of having an expensive high-speed rail system in a largely developing country, where most workers cannot afford to pay a premium for faster travel. [87][88] Quality and safety concerns also affected plans to export cheaper high-speed train technology to other countries. New rail lines are simply not going to be as profitable as more mature rail lines that have reached their planned capacity targets. [62], After the political shake-up, concerns about HSR safety, high ticket prices, financial sustainability and environmental impact received greater scrutiny in the Chinese press. HSR provides fast, reliable and comfortable means of transporting large numbers of travelers in a densely populated country over long distances,[147][148] which: One major concern of the high-speed rail network is the high amount of debt incurred. This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. Some 295 stations have been built or renovated to allow high-speed trains.[31][32]. Chart. ZhengzhouXi'an high-speed railway is estimated to run 59 trains in 2010 and 125 trains in 2018, yet in 2016 there are merely around 30 trains on operation, causing a 1.4 billion loss. In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. [179] EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or otherwise but at speeds below 200km/h (124mph) are not considered high-speed rail. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/, Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, High-speed train lines under construction worldwide in key countries 2022, Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects in the world in 2022, Forecast: estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020, Share of electrified railroad routes in China 2021, Length of express railways in China 2008-2021, Length of newly built express railways in China 2014-2021, Share of high-speed rail network length among whole rail network in China 2014-2021, Length of express railways by leading provinces in China 2021, Number of high-speed trains in China 2013-2021, China's high-speed train growth rate 2014-2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets in China 2013-2021, China: production of bullet trains by month 2020-2022, Cost distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets 2021, by component, Largest high-speed railway stations in China 2020, Revenue of the China State Railway Group (China Railway) 2017-2021, Number of China State Railway Group's high-speed trains 2017-2021, Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. 2014-2021, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway: revenue 2017-2021, Number of passengers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line 2016-2021, Share of holiday short distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020, by mode, Sales revenue of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2017-2020, by segment, Share of holiday medium distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020,by mode, Share of sales revenue of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2017-2020, by segment, Share of weekday long distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020, by mode, Share of weekday extra long distance public transportation in Taiwan 2020, by mode, Share of weekday medium distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020 by mode, Expenditures on pollution prevention of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2018-2023, Number of train services of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2013-2020, Net profit of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2014-2020, Monthly ridership of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2020, Share of short distance intercity public transport in weekday Taiwan 2020, by mode, Expenditures on environmental impact research of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2018-2021, Profit ratio of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2014-2020, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. [74] From July 20, 2011, the frequency of train service from Jinan to Beijing and Tianjin was reduced due to low occupancy, which renewed concerns about demand and profitability for high-speed services. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). [135] In 2025, the HSR network will reach a total lenght of 50.000km and will grow further.[136]. COVID-19 outbreak disrupted rail transport [64] On June 13, 2011, the MOR clarified in a press conference that the speed reduction was not due to safety concerns but to offer more affordable tickets for trains at 250km/h (155mph) and increase ridership. [1][2][3] The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). Some intercity lines run parallel to other high-speed rail lines but serve more stations along the route. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). The line has a capacity of delivering 100million rides annually[180] and initial estimated repayment period of 16 years. According to the "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network Plan" (revised in 2008), the MOR plans to build over 40,000km (25,000mi) of railway in order to expand the railway network in western China and to fill gaps in the networks of eastern and central China. In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. A total of 400 new generation trains were ordered. [37] The State Council, MOR and state-owned train builders used China's large market and competition among foreign train-makers to force technology transfers of foreign high speed rail technology[citation needed]. Photo: People's Daily [50], After committing to conventional-track high-speed rail in 2006, the state embarked on an ambitious campaign to build passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, which accounted for a large part of the government's growing budget for rail construction. [23] In 1995, Premier Li Peng announced that preparatory work on the Beijing Shanghai HSR would begin in the 9th Five Year Plan (19962000), but construction was not scheduled until the first decade of the 21st century. [9], Notable HSR lines in China include the BeijingGuangzhou high-speed railway which at 2,298km (1,428mi) is the world's longest HSR line in operation, and the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway with the world's fastest operating conventional train services. [158] To prevent that eventuality, the MOR is trying to improve management of its rapidly growing HSR holdings. The China Railways DJF2 (Xianfeng) train was produced in 2001 and set a speed record of 292.8km/h (181.9mph) on September 10, 2002. High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200-350 km/h (120-220 mph). The Shanghai Maglev is the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation ("maglev") line, whose trains run on non-conventional track and reach a top speed of 430km/h (267mph). This decision ended the debate and cleared the way for rapid construction of standard gauge, passenger dedicated HSR lines in China.[35][36]. China is the third country, after Japan and France, to have one billion cumulative HSR passengers. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set [181] The losses must be covered by the operator, which is usually subsidized by local governments. [49], On October 19, 2010, the MOR announced the beginning of research and development of "super-speed" railway technology, which would increase the maximum speed of trains to over 500km/h (311mph). There is no better way of transportation than China's high-speed rail," Solheim added at his Wechat public account on Wednesday. Is China high-speed rail profitable? [178] To break even, the line must deliver 30 million rides annually. High-speed ridership statistics in China are often reported as the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets, and such figures typically include passengers on EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or at service speeds below 200km/h (124mph).[19]. Statista assumes no [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. It is also known as "the most profitable" rail line, with annual growth rate of profits registered at 39.4 percent from 2014 to 2019. [209] Of the 3.313 billion passenger-trips delivered by China Railway in 2018, EMU train sets carried 2.001 billion passenger-trips. [52] In addition, high-speed rail fares are considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. But high-speed trains often have to share tracks with slower, heavy freight trains in some cases with as little as 5 minutes headway. In 2004, the State Council in its Mid-to-Long Term Railway Development Plan, adopted conventional track HSR technology over maglev for the BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway and three other northsouth high-speed rail lines. It is the railway company that loses money, and the people and the whole country who profit. [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. China's high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap | ORF Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their "transportation density".

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