: Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 6. "The soft rose. About the posts and pillows of her couch swarm a troop of tender Amores [Erotes the Loves] . When the girl ends up pregnant, shes driven out of her home. These things all put you in touch with some of her energy. 705 ff (trans. She is also associated with: Vanilla. In this article, we will explore some of the most popular herbs associated with Aphrodite and discuss their potential benefits and uses. Dreams of Aphrodite or her signs and symbols can also indicate that shes trying to contact you, though subtle things like this are likely to be combined with more overt signs. There was also a male Aphrodite, called Aphroditus. Apples, birds, eggs, gardens, islands, mountains, roses, seashores, sun, and water are natural elements associated with Aphrodite. Anthemon (trans. (1) Aphrodite Loves: Adonis (boy born of the tree) Lovingly hand Amor [Eros, love] harnesses them, and seated on the jewelled car bears his mother rejoicing through the clouds. 6 (trans. says that Aphrodite, when she fell in love with Phaon, hid him away in fair lettuce-beds.". Use ones with scents that she's associated with or that remind you of her. Have you heard about blowing cinnamon in your doorway on the first of the month? Her beauty and sexuality were of such high regard that it could spark a war between the Gods and was even believed to have caused the Trojan War. It is important to use caution when taking these herbs and to speak with a healthcare professional before using them. The Greek poet Hesiod recounts in his epic Theogony that Aphrodite was born from the white foam produced by the severed genitals of Uranus, the personification of heaven, after his son Cronus threw them into the sea. A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page. Do you leave it for a period of time then eat it or take it away? She is also associated with: Aphrodite loves positive attention, so working with her isnt difficult. 84c (trans. Legends are full of stories of people cursed by the fickle love goddess. 4 ff : and the gods concealed themselves in spurious shapes . Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. These herbs have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and folklore as natural remedies for a variety of sexual problems. Makeup, lotion, perfume, etc. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 13. You can also include a blend of her herbs, a selection of pink crystals, or even seashells. Schofield) (Greek natural history C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 197 (trans. At any rate it is said of the female that while she suckles the young she has borne, she bears another litter to share the same milk; forthwith she conceives again, nor is there any time at all when she is not carrying young. Legends are full of stories of people cursed by the fickle love goddess. ROSE The red rose was sacred to Aphrodite. . Representations of Aphrodite in early Greek art are fully dressed and without distinguishing features that differentiate her from other goddesses. On the other, she can be vicious to those who dont show her the proper respect. : ), but if you are outside or do not have any fluffy familiars, essential oils are a good pick. I prefer pink, red, or white. "Fishes. Pearse) (Greek mythographer C1st to C2nd A.D.) : Emeralds are historically associated with Aphrodite, though I am not fancy enough to own any at the moment. Alter (ending in an -er) is a verb meaning to change. I frequently see this misspelled on the internet and I wanted to clarify any confusion. Theyre absolutely imperative for my wellbeing! 6 (trans. Sunflowers, gardenias, jasmine, lilies, carnations, buttercups, honeysuckle, and wildflowers are also splendid choices. Walsh) (Roman novel C2nd A.D.) : : Reviews: 85% of readers found this page helpful, Address: 51593 Leanne Light, Kuphalmouth, DE 50012-5183, Hobby: Reading, scrapbook, role-playing games, Fishing, Fishing, Scuba diving, Beekeeping. Eros, known as Cupid by the Romans, was the Greek god of love. "Here [in Aphrodite's temple at Troizenos] there still grew the myrtle, with its leaves . Basically, Im an introvert with too many hobbies and I share them here. . and ere an hour had passed a blood-red flower arose, like the rich bloom of pomegranates . Twin fish went underneath them; for which, you see, the present stars are named. In retaliation, Aphrodite curses the girl with lust for her own father. 458 ff (trans.Boyle) (Roman poetry C1st B.C. I have always thrived with alot of plant energy etc collected rocks ,weeds dead and alive, save strange objects and such. I consider Fire to be Aphrodites primary element because of its association with passion, energy, and desire (though She has incredibly strong connections to the other three elements as well). Husband was really not surprised at the co.ment. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Lil smile. Well, never fear, because this is your beginner guide to witchcraft, spirituality, chakra, manifesting, crystals, herbs, spells and all things magickal. . While this is certainly not necessary, the design on your incense holder, the material of your chalice, or the pattern carved into your crystal can all add to the ambiance and feel of your altar. 7 (trans. 6 ff (trans. It was associated with love and marriage. "[Caesar is praised as a descendant of Aeneas:] Wreathing your brows with your mother's [Aphrodite's] myrtle. Take up ecstatic dance. (2) Aphrodite Loves: Nerites (boy transformed into a shellfish), Philostratus the Elder, Imagines 1. Aphrodites attitude is an accurate portrayal of the double-edged sword that love and desire can be. Swamp Queen, can grant wealth of lack of it, May be represented by a snake on the Altar. Empaths are highly sensitive individuals who are deeply attuned to the emotions, Have you ever wondered about the spiritual significance of spiders? Water has natural associations with Aphrodite, and there are many forms of water that you can use on your altar to honor Her. 193 ff (trans. "I saw at some distance a valley shaded by a leafy wood. Priapus, a fertility god, is also considered one of Aphrodites children (though his paternity is disputed). The dog replied ironically, Yes indeed, you do well to swear by Aphrodite! My current incense is a blend of jasmine and vanilla (called Aphrodisia, coincidentally enough!). Dreams of Aphrodite or her signs and symbols can also indicate that shes trying to contact you, though subtle things like this are likely to be combined with more overt signs. Aphrodite is the ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexual desire. Aphrodite and the Gods of Love: Goddess of Love and Beauty (Getty Villa Exhibitions) The essence of Aphrodite's power was her ability to provoke desire. Shellfish were regarded as sacred to Aphrodite from the cockle-shell (in which she is depicted floating at her birth) to the mussel, clam and . I am a green/ hedge witch. She was commonly depicted on a tortoise, swan, or globe. Im new to deity practice and Im trying to learn about offerings, so Im wondering, what do you do with the offering? Five is the symbolic number of Aphrodite/Venue representing perfection of the five senses, the nuptial number of love and union, Venus years being completed in groups of five. She is also associated with: Aphrodite loves positive attention, so working with her isnt difficult. Objects related to beauty and love are all suitable offerings for this goddess. 337 ff (trans. . See article: Hibiscus: Magical Properties, Benefits & Uses. Helps with breathing if you have a blocked nose! As for you, you just smell bad, dead or alive!", Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3. : A: And here are the pomegranates. Aphrodite was accompanied by the Graces. Some of my Celtic-based friends use Land, Sea, and Sky. . I am lucky to have most of these plants in my garden already. *How to Call Her In: An unorthodox yet powerful way to embody Chrusee Aphrodite is by taking away all external body adornment props (i.e. Hippocrates and the surprising medicinal benefits of oregano. . The magical girdle of Aphrodite had the power to inspire the passion of desire. Ocean water is my favorite, but I dont always have that on hand unless I have made a recent beach trip. : Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. Peach. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. How To Help Your Teen Find the Right Career, Top Three Games for Taking You To Different Places, How to Read More Books When You Have Limited Time, Disclaimer, Terms of Service & Privacy Policy. Often unexplored are the nature aspects of Aphrodite, the beautiful Greek Goddess of Love, who, according to legend, had great influence over fertility and other natural phenomena. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) The repeated appearance of animals associated with this goddess can also mean that shes nearby. "Soon Harmonia yoked by the cestus-girdle [of Aphrodite] that guides wedded desire, carried in her womb the seed of many children whom she brought forth soon one by one. She was depicted as a beautiful woman often accompanied by the winged godling Eros (Love). Another epithet of Aphrodite, chiefly used in Sparta, was Aphrodite Areia. 455 ff (trans. Orisha Goddess. 36 ff (trans. You can make an altar to her by choosing a safe surface in your home and laying it with a clean cloth. ", Apuleius, The Golden Ass 6. An angry Ares turns Alectryon into a rooster, who must always crow at dawn to warn of the suns arrival. . "[Aphrodite addresses Eros :] Honour my bridesmaid bird of love [the dove] and yours, the herald of lifelong wedding and happy hearts!", See also Dove-Drawn Chariot of Aphrodite (this page), Aelian, On Animals 10. The must-have wonder plant! Disguises himself as a doddering helpless old man. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Kythereia (trans. ~ Nonnus, Dionysiaca 32. . ", Colluthus, Rape of Helen 155 ff : Urania was considered the elder aspect, while Pandemos was the younger. : In return, she made them reek to the point where their husbands refused to sleep with them. PALACE Aphrodite's palace stood either upon Mt Olympos itself or in the heaven's high above the famous mountain. ), but youre looking for more plants to grow. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) : Flogged by the blows of the cestus [i.e. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 5. (Video) HOW TO WORK WITH APHRODITE - DEITY WORK, (Video) Offerings For VENUS | Aphrodite | Venusian | Goddess Work. Its a thing, I promise. ", Apuleius, The Golden Ass 6. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. to C1st A.D.) : Aesop, Fables 205 (from Phaedrus 3. , What fruits are associated with Aphrodite? Manage Settings LETTUCE The lettuce was said to have been sacred to Aphrodite, for she lay the dead body of Adonis in a bed of these plants. All affiliate links are disclosed. As they strutted gaily forward, turning their dappled necks from side to side. (Full Disclaimer,. 4 (trans. Different Types Of Tarot Readings wearing that belt of hers around her waist. . Aphrodite turns her into a myrrh tree and takes the baby (the future Adonis) to Persephone to raise. . Knowing that Hephaestus would be very angry if he caught them, Ares sets a young soldier named Alectryon to guard the door and warn them when Helios, the sun God, draws near. Some believed the dew of lady's mantle would change into diamonds. Consider red or pink silk, lush blue velvets, or even lace. Schofield) (Greek natural history C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. Jove [Zeus] chose the oak tree, while Venus [Aphrodite] preferred the myrtle tree, Phoebus [Apollon] the laurel. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) : : Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. Always sow your seeds during the new moon phase! Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. Interestingly, she isnt always just a goddess of lust, pleasure, love, and beauty in some areas, she was seen as a warrior. 444 Meaning If youre planning to grow mint, make sure to keep it in a pot separated from the rest of your plants. Fruits are always a good choice. Some other drink offerings include: herbal tea, sparkling fruit juice (peach is a favorite), apple cider, basil lemonade, whiskey, ouzo, pineapple juice, and rosewater (though I typically buy the beauty/skincare rosewater, which you probably shouldnt actually drink). In Book VIII of the Odyssey, Aphrodite was mismatched with Hephaestus, the lame smith god, and she consequently spent her time philandering with the handsome god of war, Ares (by whom she became the mother of Harmonia, the warrior twins Phobos and Deimos, and Eros, the god of love). ", For the MYTH of Aphrodite & myrtle or myrrh see: An Altar for Aphrodite: Intention and Honoring the Goddess. . "Once upon a time, the gods selected the trees which they wished to adopt as their own. Hera, in her role as the goddess of marriage, occassionally borrowed it from Aphrodite to reunite quarrelling spouses in love and to inspire the bridal contests of suitors. Asclepius (Greek) DEA / G. NIMATALLAH / Getty Images. A young woman named Polyphonte disrespected Aphrodite simply by choosing a virginal, unmarried life with Artemis, and Aphrodite made her pregnant by a bear. : Her most famous lover, however, was the handsome and youthful mortal Adonis. (C) 2023 Emily Underworld. 8 ff (trans. Then there are crystals! 458 ff (trans.Boyle) (Roman poetry C1st B.C. I like that it produces a distinct scent that helps to pull me into sacred space whenever I am doing a ritual. Walsh) (Roman novel C2nd A.D.) : Nonnus, Dionysiaca 32. . Doves were said to draw her heavenly chariot, and the Syrian Aphrodite Ashtarte was said to have been hatched from an egg nursed by doves. Bolivian Vampire. Recently, Aphrodite specifically requested some strawberry and honey ice cream that my friend had gotten me for my birthday. All of the gods and goddesses were invited to the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, save for the Goddess of Discord, Eris. I am 63 years old, never been able to connect with anyone of my culture- now I have and I feel like I have blossomed and dont have to be so secretive. ", Suidas s.v. The imagery of Valentine's Day makes us think of this character as an innocent child, but the Greeks had a . "Antiphanes in The Woman of Korinthos : A : And then a pig's foot to Aphrodite? : Stasinus of Cyprus or Hegesias of Aegina, Cypria Fragment 6 (from Athenaeus 15. 333 ff : I like Shatavari, rose petals, and ashwagandha. If so, let me know your essential plants in the comments below! Are you planning to create a culinary witch garden, a herb garden, or a ritual space filled with plants? 7 : 34 (trans. APPLE The apple and apple-tree were sacred to the goddess Aphrodite. All excellent questions! Pomegranates. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) : Unfortunately, Alectryon falls asleep. Some of the other Greek goddesses, such as Hera, would borrow the belt from time to time. Unfortunately, Alectryon falls asleep. Early alchemists believed the dew could transform baser metals into gold. I am connected to the earth. Personally, I used to work with the five element system (Earth, Air, Fire, Water, and Spirit). Stir in dried fruit, chocolate chips, or nuts until you have a very stiff dough. Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite each claimed that the apple was intended for them. The sacrifice was probably to assuage her grief for the loss of Adonis, who was slain by a wild pig. Hephaestus, enraged, fashions a net of finely woven gold and ensnares the two illicit lovers before calling all of the other pantheon in to shame them. : Homeric Hymn 6 to Aphrodite (trans. Aphrodite has power over love, lust, fertility, and beauty. Iconography features her wearing a headdress of hibiscus. Apuleius, The Golden Ass 4. Colors - light blue, coral, gold, green, pink yellow, Animal - snake. 597 ff : Hermes and Asclepius are the first deities I have worked with that asked for reversion of offerings, which is where you offer the food/drink to the deity, leave it on the altar for maybe half an hour to an hour, and then consume the offering yourself. And to her mind this thing appeared to be the best counsel, to array herself in loveliness, and go down to Ida, and perhaps he might be taken with desire to lie in love with her next her skin . Updates? Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, identified with Venus by the Romans. She wears a girdle-like belt called a cestus as her weapon to increase her female attraction. Gullick) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : There are also a multitude of leaves! Ingredients used in perfumery. 02She is known as the goddess of love, sexuality, pleasure, beauty, and passion. 88a (trans. ordered her carriage to be prepared; Vulcanus [Hephaistos] had lovingly applied the finishing touches to it with elaborate workmanship, and had given it to her as a wedding-present before her initiation into marriage. The Paphian is Aphrodite. In Greek mythology myrtle was sacred to the goddess Aphrodite (associated with love, beauty and pleasure and the planet Venus) and Demeter (the goddess of the grain, agriculture, harvest, growth, and nourishment). Greek Lyric II) (Greek lyric B.C.) 10 Plants For Your Witch Garden | Herbs For Witches, 21 Creative Ideas For Empty Notebooks or Blank Journals. This tree of the golden apples was guarded by the three goddess Hesperides. . In todays blog post, Im sharing 10 plants for your witch garden, whether its indoors or outdoors. 400 ff (trans. All of the gods and goddesses were invited to the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, save for the Goddess of Discord, Eris. Hera offered power, Athena wisdom, and Aphrodite the hand of the most beautiful woman in the world. . Said to improve allergy symptoms. Add the powdered aphrodisiac herbs of your choice. While there is limited scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of these herbs, many people still use them as a natural alternative to traditional medications. This is also a part of my Devotion to Aphrodite through Conscious Eating. *Please note that an altar (ending with an -ar) is a place for spiritual things. Aphrodite likes: Aphrodite may be reaching out to you if you feel a sudden interest in her, her story, or one of her specific aspects. anemone." The grieving Aphrodite mourned her young love and he returned from the kingdom of Hades (death) as an anemone flower. "Into the Euphrates River an egg of wonderful size is said to have fallen, which the fish rolled to the bank. ", Apuleius, The Golden Ass 2. ", Ovid, Fasti 2. Perhaps you already have a witchy garden (yay! We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. In the Iliad, Aphrodite is Ares consort while Hephaestus is married to someone else entirely. Be sure to thoroughly cleanse the feather (both energetically and physically) before incorporating it into your altar. Your candleholder can also display symbols of Aphrodite, whether it is a shell, a sacred animal, a flower, or particular color. in place of the wedding-roses. - Antique HQ, 16 Crystals for Fertility & Pregnancy (Do They Work?). 10 ff (trans. The Greek Goddess Aphrodite held the powers of fertility, pleasure and eternal youth, along with extraordinary beauty. ", Ovid, Metamorphoses 9. [N.B. 10 ff (trans. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) : Nonnus, Dionysiaca 13. Gullick) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : 2 x dressed Pillar Candles with herbs associated Aphrodite/Venus for Love and Self love rituals and spells. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) : The Anacreontea, Fragment 35 (trans. Rose quartz is probably the most well-known and easily accessible crystal associated with Aphrodite. 682) (trans. ", Suidas s.v. Occasionally, Aphrodite was Ares' legitimate wife, and by her he fathered Deimos, Phobos (who accompanied him into battle), Harmonia, andas first told by . And smilingly she spake to the herdsman [Paris]. Here are a few ideas: Do you have a witch garden? After all, it was Hippocrates who said "Let food be your medicine, and medicine be your food.". "[Description of an ancient Greek painting :] Erotes are hunting down [a hare] . 17) (trans. Paris of Troy taking Helen precipitated the war. Interestingly, basil was associated with mourning in Greece, while it signified love in ancient Rome. FISH The fish was said to be sacred to Aphrodite, deriving from the Syrian myth of the birth of Ashtarte, in which the goddess was borne from an egg carried to the banks of the River Euphrates by fish. English Ivy. The half opened shell represented a woman's genitalia. 30 : Since I go now to the ends of the generous earth, on a visit to Okeanos, whence the gods have risen, and Tethys our mother who brought me up kindly in their own house . And perverted lovers have found in the hare a certain power to produce love, attempting to secure the objects of their affection by a compelling magic art.". If it is food that you have lovingly cooked yourself, so much the better! to C1st A.D.) : Nonnus, Dionysiaca 33. When honoring Aphrodite, there are many different aspects of the Earth that you can incorporate. Hedge witches often use rosemary as an alternative to frankincense. Aphrodite was worshipped with incense altars and dove sacrifices. You may also be called by Aphrodite if you feel an urge to engage in more self-love, take more time for yourself, or invest more time and energy in your appearance. Abeona. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Pig-sacrifice was therefore prohibited in her cult, except in Kypros and Argos where pigs were offered to assuage her grief for Adonis. "Piscis, heaven's horses. There are multiple legends that involve her causing people to lust after each other or become pregnant. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 3. to C1st A.D.) : Turmeric is certainly the most powerful herb on the planet. Mair) (Greek poetry C5th to 6th A.D.) : Muira puama is a tree native to the Amazon rainforest. They took their mistress aboard and delightedly mounted upwards. 36 ff (trans. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 41. There is an enormous amount of Rosemary folklore. Morganite, rose quartz, and pink calcite, to name a few, are tied to love and the emotions. Also, remember that your vessels for the elements are another way that you can honor Aphrodite in your altar. "Eriphos in the Meliboia . This ancient and august herb was also considered a source of great healing to the ancient Greeks. The Ptychopetalum o. Bentham is a . 6 (trans. Your email address will not be published. : Rose Quartz is associated with Aphrodite. ", Pausanias, Description of Greece 6. Though she is loving and sensual, she is by no means soft. ", Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 58 ff : The other was Aphrodite Pandemos, who represented lust and sensuality. 69b-d (trans. Aphrodite's chariot is pulled by DOVES, her sacred animal. Naturally-shed feathers are also an option, particularly from one of her sacred birds, such as swans, geese, doves, or sparrows. yet is its beauty brief, so lightly cling it petals, fall so soon, when the winds [Greek anemoi] blow that give the flower [anemone] its name.", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 32. to 2nd A.D.) : 333 ff (trans. that grove seemed to me to be the abode of Venus [Aphrodite] and the Gratiae [Kharites]; in its shady recesses that delightful blossom shone out with its brightness of royal crimson. Live hares were often presented as a gift of love. Consider red or pink silk, lush blue velvets, or even lace. It has been traditionally used as an adaptogen to improve sexual function and fertility. . . Aphrodite is associated with the ocean, seashells, doves, swans, dolphins, mirrors, golden apples, roses, pearls, gold, aquamarine, rose quartz, jade and the colors . Her sacred plants and animals included the rose, myrtle, apple, dove and goose. You can ask Aphrodite for help with your confidence and enjoyment of sex, dedicate the act to her, or even use it as a means of power raising during ritual magic that involves Aphrodite. The repeated appearance of animals associated with this goddess can also mean that shes nearby. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Morganite, rose quartz, and pink calcite, to name a few, are tied to love and the emotions. holy days: Friday: Aphrodite is associated with Friday. The Etruscans knew her as Apru. A young woman named Polyphonte disrespected Aphrodite simply by choosing a virginal, unmarried life with Artemis, and Aphrodite made her pregnant by a bear. Ive offered Aphrodite a myriad of fruits, including apples, figs, blueberries, cherries, red grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, sweet tangerines, blood oranges, mangoes, passionfruit, peaches, and many others. 4 ff (trans. Emily Underworld is an Amazon Associate, meaning I earn a commission on qualifying Amazon purchases. While there is limited scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of these herbs, many people still use them as a. Damiana is a small shrub native to Central and South America. I talked a bit about Physical Offerings versus Offerings of Action in my article Going Deeper Connecting with Divinity. In Homers Iliad, shes the daughter of the Titaness Dione and Zeus. He is known as the god of medicine, and his serpent-draped staff, The Rod of Asclepius, is still found as a symbol of medical practice today. (2) THE JUDGEMENT OF PARIS (goddess awarded prize of a golden apple), Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 2. In the Odyssey, Aphrodite is Hephaestus wife. 98 ff : It is the breath of the gods and the joy of mortals, the glory of the Kharites (Graces) in spring-time, the delight of the Erotes (Loves) with their rich garlands and of Aphrodite; it is a subject for poetry and the graceful plant of the Mousai. Gibbs) (Greek fable C6th B.C.) In Elizabethan times, oregano was also used to bring good luck and wish someone good health. Therefore arose the proverb 'he sacrificed a pig to Aphrodite' used to refer to someone who gave an innappropriate or unwanted gift. "Typhoeus, issuing from earth's lowest depths, struck terror in those heavenly hearts, and they all turned their backs and fled . Her attributes included the winged godling Eros, a mirror, cockle shell, dove, apple and myrtle wreath. Sacred sex can also be a part of connecting with Aphrodite. Artemis: silver fir, amaranth, cypress, cedar, hazel, myrtle . Enjoy the mindfulness of gardening and appreciate the joy of nature. Ylang ylang. A: Ay, for they say this was the one and only tree that Aphrodite planted in Kypros. The immortal robe that the very Kharites had woven for her [Aphrodite]. Each goddess tried to bribe him to increase her chances. So afterwards the Syrians, who are adjacent to these regions, stopped eating fish, fearing to catch them lest with like reason they seem either to oppose the protection of the gods, or to entrap the gods themselves.
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