fernanda fletcher graves disease

The exact pathogenic mechanisms are . As a result, many of your bodys functions speed up. Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on their shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Updated November 21, 2020. Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. Graves' disease is a condition that involves too much thyroid hormone, which is produced by an overactive thyroid gland. You can develop GO even if your thyroid function is normal. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Thyroid imbalances of any kind, but most notably Graves Disease, have a profound effect on every cell of the body. Most people have mild symptoms. The following tips may help you control mild symptoms. About 30% of people with Graves' disease show some signs and symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Accessed June 5, 2020. An overactive thyroid causes problems with organs like the heart, as well as bones and muscles. 2023 Apr 6. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-04919-z. Evaluation of interleukins 37 and 38 and vitamin D status in the serum of women with Graves' disease. Maternal Graves disease is by far the most . But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as feeling hot and excessive sweating, palpitations, trembling of the hands, increased frequency of bowel movements. See your doctor if you experience any potential problems related to Graves' disease to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis. All rights reserved. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Graves disease affects more people assigned female at birth than people assigned male at birth. Radioiodine therapy slowly destroys the cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. More than 1 in 3 people with Graves' disease develop an eye disease called Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Endocrine.org, Endocrine Society, 18 January 2022, http://admin.endocrine.org/?sc_mode=edit&sc_itemid=%7bE64BCF38-1719-40E3-85C8-3BA275BFFB54%7d&sc_version=1&sc_lang=en&sc_site=endocrine. Graves disease (also known as Graves disease) is an autoimmune disease which usually involves the thyroid gland becoming overactive. 20th ed. Graves disease: clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines), and therapy. Leonard Wartofsky, M.D., M.A.C.P., Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University Hospital. 20th ed. FOIA But signs and symptoms of ophthalmopathy may appear years before or after the onset of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid storm requires immediate emergency care. MeSH information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Almost everyone who gets radioiodine therapy later develops hypothyroidism. Some of your symptoms may go away temporarily after taking antithyroid drugs. eCollection 2021. Risks of this surgery include potential damage to the nerve that controls your vocal cords and the tiny glands located adjacent to your thyroid gland (parathyroid glands). Iatrogenic Graves' disease induced by the new targeted therapies are described and could help to better understand the molecular pathways involved in the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches. 2018 Sep;79 Suppl 1:S31-S39. Villanueva R, Inzerillo AM, Tomer Y, Barbesino G, Meltzer M, Concepcion ES, Greenberg DA, MacLaren N, Sun ZS, Zhang DM, Tucci S, Davies TF. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Radioiodine therapy may increase your risk of new or worsened symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy. The final whammy is when the spouse, one who has promised to love, honor, and cherish for better or worse etc. What sort of blood test monitoring would I need if I take antithyroid medications? 6 GO occurs when your immune system attacks the muscles and other tissues around your eyes. In Graves' disease for reasons that aren't well understood the immune system produces an antibody to one part of the cells in the hormone-producing gland in the neck (thyroid gland). 2018 European Thyroid Association guideline for the management of Graves hyperthyroidism. To complicate matters, thyroid problems are viewed as minor by the general public, since for a time before sensitive tests became available, anyone who was a little fat and tired may have been told it was a thyroid condition. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Radioactive iodine uptake test. John Lawson/Getty Images. If youre experiencing symptoms of Graves disease or have certain risk factors, such as a family history of thyroid disease, be sure to contact your healthcare provider. Accessed May 27, 2020. Spend some time with safe people who can meet some of your needs for stability and friendship that may not be met in your marriage at this time. It can harm the fetus thyroid and can be passed from mother to child in breast milk. Many people with Graves have had it a long time before it was diagnosed, and a lot of damage may have been done already without anyone having a clue that an illness is responsible. Graves disease often causes symptoms of hyperthyroidism. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Since every cell and organ in the body is negatively affected, symptoms develop ranging from extreme fatigue and sleeping and digestive disturbances to nerve, joint, and muscle problems, as well as hair loss and fingernail breakage, not to mention the menstrual cycle, fertility, and sexual function. Graves' disease - Doctors and departments - Mayo Clinic Learn about the symptoms, causes and treatment of this immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Women develop Graves disease more commonly than men, particularly during reproductive years, Individuals with family history of thyroid disease, Individuals with other autoimmune diseases. Something triggers your immune system to overproduce an antibody called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). 2020;43(2):157162. Eating foods that have large amounts of iodinesuch as kelp, dulse, or other kinds of seaweedmay cause or worsen hyperthyroidism. Its not going to be easy, nor will the return to good health be fast. In Graves' ophthalmopathy, inflammation and other immune system events affect muscles and other tissues around your eyes. The true aetiology of the disorder was uncovered in the 1950s and 1960s, based on the search for a novel thyroid stimulator which turned out to be an immunoglobulin G autoantibody. After that, the signs and symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy usually become stable for a year or so and then begin to get better, often on their own. Your doctor may order another lab test to measure the levels of the antibody known to cause Graves' disease. Accessed April 9, 2020. They can make you feel better within hours. European Thyroid Journal. Nippoldt TN (expert opinion). Fatty fish: Salmon and sardines are great sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test: The thyroid absorbs iodine from your blood and uses it to make thyroid hormone. Called Graves dermopathy or pretibial myxedema, the condition usually affects your shins but can also develop on the top of your feet and other parts of your body. Hair loss and change in hair texture (brittle). It's more likely when severe hyperthyroidism is untreated or treated inadequately. Too much thyroid hormone during pregnancy can increase the risk of: Since Graves disease is a chronic condition, youll need to see your healthcare provider regularly throughout your life to make sure your thyroid levels are in check and your treatment plan is working. A few suggestions are that you learn everything you can about this disease, and recognize that your partner has a very serious condition and is not able to be the kind of spouse you need right now, perhaps even less than with most other serious illnesses, because of the psychological inward war to deal with as well as physical illness. Jameson JL, et al., eds. You can start by calling the National Quitline at 1-800-QUITNOW or 1-800-784-8669. At initial presentation, the majority (73.7 percent) of patients had no ocular involvement . An uncommon manifestation of Graves' disease, called Graves' dermopathy, is the reddening and thickening of the skin, most often on your shins or the tops of your feet. Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). But they do not cure the disease because the thyroid still produces too much thyroid hormone. Complications are rare under the care of a surgeon experienced in thyroid surgery. other information we have about you. June 5, 2020. This brief review describes the history of Graves' disease, starting with the original descriptions by Parry, Graves and von Basedow. Davies TF. Accelerating Breakthroughs & Improving Care. We also understand far more about the genetic and environmental susceptibility factors that predispose to disease, and even thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy has now been better defined as primarily a T-cell-mediated disease resulting from cytokine stimulation of orbital fibroblasts. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This website is dedicated to the millions of thyroid patients who are being ignored and left to suffer unnecessarily, and to healthcare practitioners, who want to better serve those patients. - Conference Coverage Pathogenesis of Graves' disease. How quickly would it work? Research has shown that the following factors can increase your risk of developing graves disease. Graves' disease a disorder in which the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs is the most common form of hyperthyroidism in the U.S. Your doctor can help you identify the best option based on your age, health, symptoms, and other factors. Accessed July 14, 2021. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537053, [6] Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Elia G, et al. The gland produces too much thyroid hormone, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. Your risk of developing Graves disease increases if you have a family history of thyroid disease and/or you smoke cigarettes. Lger J, Oliver I, Rodrigue D, Lambert AS, Coutant R. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). Thyroid scan. Antithyroid therapy is the easiest way to treat hyperthyroidism. National Library of Medicine Antithyroid medicines can cause side effects, including, allergic reactions, such as rashes and itching, a decrease in the number of white blood cells in your body, which can lower resistance to infection, may temporarily treat symptoms but are not a permanent cure for Graves disease, may take several weeks or months for thyroid hormone levels to move into the normal range, take about 12 years total average treatment time, but can continue for many years, yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes, called jaundice. Common signs and symptoms of Graves' disease include: Graves' ophthalmopathy signs and symptoms include bulging eyes, redness and retracting eyelids. In Thyroid Eye Disease, these same antibodies cause growth of the tissues in the back of the eyes, causing eye bulging, pain, and double vision, among other symptoms. 3. Have you recently started a new medication? National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). PMC Bobanga JD, et al. How often should I see my doctor after treatment. TSI causes your thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Your doctor may also order tests including: Blood tests. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). Your thyroid uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. Journal of Surgical Research. Yoon JH, Jin M, Kim M, Hong AR, Kim HK, Kim BH, Kim WB, Shong YK, Jeon MJ, Kang HC. Untreated or poorly managed Graves disease increases your risk for these complications: If you have thyroid eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy) that isnt properly treated, it can cause severe swelling that can damage your optic nerve and lead to vision loss. This test involves swallowing a capsule containing a small, harmless amount of radioactive iodine. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. It can take 6 months to several years, depending on treatment method and individual response, for thyroid levels to be stabilized and for the healing process to begin, and it could be many years before full recovery takes place. If the disease affects your skin (Graves' dermopathy), use over-the-counter creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone to relieve swelling and reddening. Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, which speeds up certain body functions. Symptoms of Thyroid Eye Disease, such as bulging of the eyes, pain with moving the eyes, swelling around the eyes, and double vision. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Thyrotropin receptor antibodies in hypothyroid Graves' disease. Though rare, people with Graves' disease can . Endocrine Society. Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. TSI attaches to healthy thyroid cells, causing your thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormones. 59th ed. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. Sometimes, Graves' dermopathy can be a sign of undiagnosed Graves' disease. Antithyroid medicines. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health surgery to improve bulging eyes or correct changes to your vision, any cough syrups or multivitamins you take, because some may contain iodine. If your eyelids do not fully close, taping them shut at night or wearing an eye mask can help prevent dry eyes. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This essential nutrient is anti-inflammatory, making it particularly crucial for the management of autoimmune diseases like Graves' disease. Possible complications include double vision. 2020 Jun 3;12(2):197-201. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0108. Accessed May 27, 2020. - Drug Monographs Thyroid. These medications don't inhibit the production of thyroid hormones, but they do block the effect of hormones on the body. Epub 2014 Dec 28. If youre experiencing these symptoms, its important to see your eye doctor (optometrist or ophthalmologist). Graves disease affects nearly 1 in 100 Americans.1 About 4 out of 5 cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States are caused by Graves disease.1, Graves disease is more common in women and people older than age 30.2 You are more likely to develop the disease if you, Untreated, Graves disease can cause serious health problems, including. People with Graves' disease usually have lower than normal levels of TSH and higher levels of thyroid hormones. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and Graves disease: a report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The clinical phenotype of Graves disease occurring as an isolated condition or in association with other autoimmune diseases. doi: 10.1159/000490384, [3] Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, et al. What types of side effects can I expect from treatment? Sometimes doctors use surgery to treat people with large goiters or pregnant women who cannot take antithyroid medicines. The trigger of the attack may be a combination of having a genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as: Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history, including your family history of thyroid disease, and perform a physical exam. (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. Blood tests. People who receive definitive treatment for Graves disease (radioactive iodine or thyroidectomy) will eventually develop hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), which requires lifelong medication. She/he can work on trying to recognize when the bad spells are coming on and give you warning so you can protect yourself while he/she deals with it, but its not always possible. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01094-7, [5] Mathew P, Rawla P. Hyperthyroidism. Would you like email updates of new search results? Tatulashvili S, Baudry C, Sadoul JL, Bihan H. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). All rights reserved. This whole letter made me cry. These symptoms can start before or at the same time as symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is relatively commonaffecting about 1 in every 200 Americans, mostly women, who are 5 to 10 times more likely than men to develop it. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Graves Disease can turn even a mild-mannered, loving spouse into someone who is at best often irritable, angry, emotionally unavailable or self-absorbed. These disorders probably develop from a combination of genesand an outside trigger, such as a virus. Endocrine disorders. Many questions remain about the choice of diagnostic evaluations and treatment strategy according to clinical context (age, gender, pregnancy, etc.) Smoking makes GO worse. When treated, the journey to wellness is not necessarily fast or smooth. If you develop any new symptoms, talk to your provider. You can expand or narrow the list to include clinical studies from industry, universities, and individuals; however, the National Institutes of Health does not review these studies and cannot ensure they are safe. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located at the front of your neck under your skin. Propylthiouracil is often used for women during the first 3 months of pregnancybecause methimazole can, on rare occasions, harm the fetus. If youre experiencing these symptoms, see your healthcare provider. While it cannot be cured through diet, its symptoms can be reduced or alleviated in some people. The median TSH receptor antibody concentration was 6.2 IU/L (range, 2.4-32) at diagnosis of Graves disease. Copyright 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. Treatment Graves' orbitopathy (ophthalmopathy). All rights reserved. The exact pathogenic mechanisms are not fully clear. They have also lived in Anaheim, CA and Cypress, CA. Only about a third of people with Graves disease develop this condition. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. For 100 years, the Endocrine Society has been at the forefront of hormone science and public health. The result is that the thyroid patient may be treated as a hypochondriac or as emotionally weak, and berated by others or left alone to deal with life at a time when support from others is needed most of all. If Graves disease is properly treated, the prognosis (outlook) is generally good. Dont miss out on todays top content on Endocrinology Advisor. A month after Andy Fletcher's death, his Depeche Mode bandmates revealed his cause of death. There are many symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Sensors (Basel). Experts still arent certain what causes autoimmune diseases like Graves disease. Ibrahim HY, Sulaiman GM, Al-Shammaa MS, Ad'hiah AH. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Youre also more likely to get Graves disease if you have another autoimmune disease, such as: Even though Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for 60% to 80% of hyperthyroidism cases, its a relatively rare condition. Taking iodine supplements can have the same effect. Mayo Clinic. While mild thyroid eye disease may remit spontaneously, moderate-to-severe disease rarely resolves without treatment. I could tell you not to take it personally, but that would be trivializing it==-what could be more personal! Tremor. About 96% of Graves' dermopathy cases are in people who have Graves' ophthalmopathy , also referred to as Graves' orbitopathy, which can cause bulging eyes, eye pain, and vision impairment. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Nguyen CT, et al. Hyperthyroidism. Radioiodine therapy isnt used for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. 1993 Feb;76(2):504-8. doi: 10.1210/jcem.76.2.8094394. All rights reserved. World J Clin Cases. If you have Graves' disease, make your mental and physical well-being a priority: These steps may make your eyes feel better if you have Graves' ophthalmopathy: If the disease affects your skin (Graves' dermopathy), use over-the-counter creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone to relieve swelling and reddening. They may provide fairly rapid relief of irregular heartbeats, tremors, anxiety or irritability, heat intolerance, sweating, diarrhea, and muscle weakness. An antibody test called thyrotropin receptor antibody test (TRAb) can detect the antibody in the blood which causes Graves Disease. Your parathyroid glands produce a hormone that controls the level of calcium in your blood. This treatment is generally tolerated well but can worsen Graves eye disease if it is present. Treatment Graves' orbitopathy (ophthalmopathy). These drugs may also complicate management of diabetes. Skip to content Care at Mayo Clinic Your doctor may order this test if radioactive iodine uptake is not a good option for you, such as during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Please login or register first to view this content. The NIDDK would like to thank: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. Kahaly GJ, et al. Graves disease can also cause eye disease symptoms, including: This is called Graves ophthalmopathy or orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease. Mayo Clinic. Online ahead of print. Miscarriage is the heartbreaking result for many pregnant women. June 5, 2020. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Most cases of GO are mild. Preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time with your doctor. Treatment of patients with Graves' disease and the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy. These include: Graves is treatable and can be well controlled. These factors contribute to the high divorce rate for people with Graves Disease. Increased awareness among endocrinologists and primary care physicians and patients is required for early identification of a relapse or new-onset Graves disease., Chee YJ, Liew H, Hoi WH, et al. Read about our historyand how we continue to serve the endocrine community. Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Liparulo L, Veronesi G, Lai A, Sassi L, Pariani N, Gallo D, Azzolini C, Ferrario M, Bartalena L. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Because the thyroid needs iodine to produce hormones, the thyroid takes the radioiodine into the thyroid cells and the radiation destroys the overactive thyroid cells over time. The site is secure. National Library of Medicine Davies TF, et al. The antibody associated with Graves' disease thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) acts like the regulatory pituitary hormone. Taking either drug for longer than a year may result in better long-term results. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Because Graves disease affects several aspects of your health, its important to seek medical treatment for it. Among the group, 5 patients developed clinical and/or biochemical hyperthyroidism after the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, with a median symptom onset time of 7 days (IQR, 5-21). and transmitted securely. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). In the doses prescribed, radioiodine therapy does not affect other body tissues. For peace of mind when . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal FOIA 2020;34(1):101388. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Adrenal Insufficiency & Addison's Disease, National Hormone & Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone, Human Growth Hormone & Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Resource List, Health Alert: Adrenal Crisis Causes Death in Some People Who Were Treated with hGH. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidismoverall and is more common in women than in men. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help I have other health conditions. Side effects of both drugs include rash, joint pain, liver failure or a decrease in disease-fighting white blood cells. The thyroidis a small, butterfly-shaped glandin the front of your neck. Other side effects may include tenderness in the neck and a temporary increase in thyroid hormones. Youve viewed {{metering-count}} of {{metering-total}} articles this month. Thyroid storm is life-threatening.Symptoms include: Getting a new diagnosis can be stressful. Some treatments include: With this therapy, you take radioactive iodine (radioiodine) by mouth. Treatment of patients with Graves' disease and the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy. Although Graves disease most commonly targets the thyroid gland, the same antibodies can impact other areas of the body like the eyes (Thyroid Eye Disease) and the skin (Graves Dermopathy). Normally, thyroid function is regulated by a hormone released by a tiny gland at the base of the brain (pituitary gland). For 100 years, the Endocrine Society has been at the forefront of hormone science and public health. Symptoms. The .gov means its official. 3. In severe cases, there can be a loss of vision. Heat intolerance. Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a condition that causes the skin to become reddish and thick, with a rough texture. Where can I find more information on Graves' disease? Its important to take care of yourself too. Who is more likely to have Graves disease? The participants had a median free thyroxine (FT4) level of 49.5 pmol/L (IQR, 24.5-69) at initial diagnosis of Graves disease. 2016; doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229. Radioactive iodine cures hyperthyroidism from Graves disease in a majority of patients. They may also order the following tests to confirm a Graves disease diagnosis: Graves disease is a lifelong (chronic) condition. How do eating, diet, and nutrition affect Graves disease? To diagnose Graves' disease, your doctor may conduct a physical exam and check for signs and symptoms of Graves' disease. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. - Case Studies Mild symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy may be managed by using over-the-counter artificial tears during the day and lubricating gels at night. Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on High Blood Pressure - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Financial Assistance Documents Minnesota, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, Sharing Mayo Clinic: An eye on the future, Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin, Weight loss, despite normal eating habits, Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet (Graves' dermopathy), Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. You'll probably see your primary care doctor first. Although it can affect both women and men and occur at any age, the condition is five to 10 times more common in women and typically starts before age 40. Assessing American Thyroid Association guidelines for total thyroidectomy in Graves disease. This content does not have an English version. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248937. Have you experienced rapid or unintended weight loss? Congestive heart failure in the pregnant person. In our case series, we observed that the exacerbation of hyperthyroidism can occur after the first or subsequent doses of the vaccine, stated the researchers. It is named after Robert Graves, an Irish physician, who described this form of hyperthyroidism about 150 years ago. 59th ed. Many people mistakenly believe that hyperthyroidism is a free ticket to weight loss, not knowing that its a dangerous illness. Fernanda Fletcher is the mother of Daviana Fletcher. Researchers arent sure why some people develop autoimmune disorders such as Graves disease. Graves disease is anautoimmune disorder that can causehyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. Because the risk of liver disease is more common with propylthiouracil, methimazole is considered the first choice when doctors prescribe medication. Graves' Disease is the emotional equivalent of an earthquake, a tornado, and World War III. Relationships are damaged, sometimes permanently, and careers are destroyed. Thyroid hormones affect many body systems, so signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can be wide ranging.

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